CVE-2025-31004Network attack vector

Authenticated unauthorized action via missing capability check

Published Apr 9, 2025 · Updated Apr 28, 2026

Missing authorization in CROOVER Rich Table of Contents 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to perform an unauthorized action. Public disclosures identify an unspecified plugin function that omits a WordPress capability check before executing the requested action. Contributor access is required; neither the affected function nor the resulting state change has been publicly disclosed, so impact is limited to an unspecified unauthorized action.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.42%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing authorization in CROOVER Rich Table of Contents 1.4.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to perform an unauthorized action. Public disclosures identify an unspecified plugin function that omits a WordPress capability check before executing the requested action. Contributor access is required; neither the affected function nor the resulting state change has been publicly disclosed, so impact is limited to an unspecified unauthorized action.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31004
Published
Apr 9, 2025
Updated
Apr 28, 2026
Vendor
CROOVER
Product
Rich Table of Contents
Classifications
CWE-862
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 28, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.4.0 changes=[{"at":"1.4.1","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

CROOVER · Rich Table of Contentsversion=0 <=1.4.0 changes=[{"at":"1.4.1","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

4.3PatchstackCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-862Missing Authorization

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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