CVE-2025-30425Network attack vector

Private-browsing tracking via state mismanagement

Published Mar 31, 2025 · Updated Jun 23, 2026

Improper access control in Apple Safari before 18.4 allows remote attackers to track users in private browsing via malicious websites. The WebKit private-browsing component mishandles internal state; Apple has not disclosed the affected transition or tracking primitive. The same flaw affects iOS and iPadOS before 18.4, iPadOS before 17.7.6, macOS before 15.4, tvOS before 18.4, and watchOS before 11.4, and exploitation requires a user to visit attacker-controlled web content.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.79%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Improper access control in Apple Safari before 18.4 allows remote attackers to track users in private browsing via malicious websites. The WebKit private-browsing component mishandles internal state; Apple has not disclosed the affected transition or tracking primitive. The same flaw affects iOS and iPadOS before 18.4, iPadOS before 17.7.6, macOS before 15.4, tvOS before 18.4, and watchOS before 11.4, and exploitation requires a user to visit attacker-controlled web content.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-30425
Published
Mar 31, 2025
Updated
Jun 23, 2026
Vendor
Apple
Product
iOS and iPadOS
Classifications
CWE-284
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 31, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 23, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <18.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Apple · iOS and iPadOSversion=0 <18.4
Apple · Safariversion=0 <18.4
Apple · tvOSversion=0 <18.4
Apple · macOSversion=0 <15.4
Apple · iPadOSversion=0 <17.7.6
Apple · watchOSversion=0 <11.4

Published CVSS scores

4.3CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-284Improper Access Control

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo