CVE-2025-30095Network attack vector

Console SSH interception via shared Dropbear host keys

Published Mar 31, 2025 · Updated Apr 21, 2025

Hard-coded Dropbear host keys in VyOS 1.3 through 1.5 allow man-in-the-middle attackers to intercept console SSH connections. The live-build image process retains host keys generated by Dropbear packaging, so installations from an identical image share the same server identity. Dropbear must serve console SSH; man-in-the-middle attackers holding the shared private key can impersonate the server and read or alter session traffic.

CVSS severity9.0
Critical
EPSS probability0.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Hard-coded Dropbear host keys in VyOS 1.3 through 1.5 allow man-in-the-middle attackers to intercept console SSH connections. The live-build image process retains host keys generated by Dropbear packaging, so installations from an identical image share the same server identity. Dropbear must serve console SSH; man-in-the-middle attackers holding the shared private key can impersonate the server and read or alter session traffic.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-30095
Published
Mar 31, 2025
Updated
Apr 21, 2025
Vendor
VyOS
Product
VyOS
Classifications
CWE-321, T1557
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 31, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.4.2
  2. Affected versionversion=1.5 <1.5-stream-2025-Q2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

VyOS · VyOSversion=0 <1.4.2; version=1.5 <1.5-stream-2025-Q2

Published CVSS scores

9.0MITRECVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-321Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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