CVE-2025-2921Public exploit

Root credential recovery via fixed password hash

Published Mar 28, 2025 · Updated Mar 28, 2025

Use of a default password in Netis WF-2404 1.1.124EN allows physically proximate attackers to recover the root credential via UART. The firmware stores the root account's DES password hash in /etc/passwd; the published test cracked it to the fixed value “realtek” in seconds. Physical disassembly and contact with small UART pads are required, and the research does not demonstrate a password-authenticated network service accepting the credential.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.35%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Use of a default password in Netis WF-2404 1.1.124EN allows physically proximate attackers to recover the root credential via UART. The firmware stores the root account's DES password hash in /etc/passwd; the published test cracked it to the fixed value “realtek” in seconds. Physical disassembly and contact with small UART pads are required, and the research does not demonstrate a password-authenticated network service accepting the credential.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-2921
Published
Mar 28, 2025
Updated
Mar 28, 2025
Vendor
Netis Systems Co., Ltd.
Product
WF-2404
Classifications
CWE-1393, T1003
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.1.124EN

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Netis Systems Co., Ltd. · WF-2404version=1.1.124EN

Published CVSS scores

5.4VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.2VulDBAV:L/AC:H/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
6.4VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1393Use of Default Password
T1003OS Credential Dumping

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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