CVE-2025-2888Network attack vector

Update denial via pre-validation timestamp caching

Published Mar 27, 2025 · Updated Oct 14, 2025

Denial of service in AWS tough before 0.20.0 allows remote authenticated users to block valid updates via stale timestamp metadata. The client persists new timestamp metadata to its cache before validating that the referenced snapshot version has not rolled back, so rejected stale metadata becomes trusted. Exploitation requires high-privilege control of repository metadata and a client update; the poisoned cache blocks later valid updates until cleared.

CVSS severity5.7
Medium
EPSS probability0.32%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in AWS tough before 0.20.0 allows remote authenticated users to block valid updates via stale timestamp metadata. The client persists new timestamp metadata to its cache before validating that the referenced snapshot version has not rolled back, so rejected stale metadata becomes trusted. Exploitation requires high-privilege control of repository metadata and a client update; the poisoned cache blocks later valid updates until cleared.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-2888
Published
Mar 27, 2025
Updated
Oct 14, 2025
Vendor
Amazon Web Services
Product
tough
Classifications
CWE-1025, CAPEC-25, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 14, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0.1.0 <0.20.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Amazon Web Services · toughversion=0.1.0 <0.20.0

Published CVSS scores

4.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
4.2GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.7Amazon Web ServicesCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1025Comparison Using Wrong Factors
CAPEC-25Forced Deadlock
T1499.004Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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