CVE-2025-28256Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via unfiltered webWlanIdx

Published Mar 28, 2025 · Updated Mar 31, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A3100R firmware 4.1.2cu.5247_B20211129 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. The setWebWlanIdx CGI function in /lib/cste_modules/wireless.so passes the unfiltered webWlanIdx field into command processing, leaving shell separators executable. An unauthenticated attacker can reach the function through MQTT or HTTP and run commands with the router service's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.95%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A3100R firmware 4.1.2cu.5247_B20211129 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. The setWebWlanIdx CGI function in /lib/cste_modules/wireless.so passes the unfiltered webWlanIdx field into command processing, leaving shell separators executable. An unauthenticated attacker can reach the function through MQTT or HTTP and run commands with the router service's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-28256
Published
Mar 28, 2025
Updated
Mar 31, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 31, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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