CVE-2025-28138Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Pre-auth command execution via newline filter bypass

Published Mar 27, 2025 · Updated Apr 15, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A800R 4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730 allows remote attackers to execute commands before authentication. The setNoticeCfg handler extracts a domain from the user-controlled NoticeUrl, but its special-character validation accepts JSON-encoded newlines before passing the result to system(). No account is required; a crafted request can execute arbitrary operating-system commands with the router service's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.13%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A800R 4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730 allows remote attackers to execute commands before authentication. The setNoticeCfg handler extracts a domain from the user-controlled NoticeUrl, but its special-character validation accepts JSON-encoded newlines before passing the result to system(). No account is required; a crafted request can execute arbitrary operating-system commands with the router service's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-28138
Published
Mar 27, 2025
Updated
Apr 15, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 15, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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