CVE-2025-28137Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Pre-auth command execution via newline filter bypass

Published Apr 15, 2025 · Updated Apr 15, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A810R firmware 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 allows remote attackers to execute commands via NoticeUrl. The setNoticeCfg handler extracts a user-controlled domain from NoticeUrl, but its special-character check fails to reject JSON-encoded newlines before passing the value to system(). No authentication or user interaction is required, and injected commands run in the router firmware execution context.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability33.59%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A810R firmware 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026 allows remote attackers to execute commands via NoticeUrl. The setNoticeCfg handler extracts a user-controlled domain from NoticeUrl, but its special-character check fails to reject JSON-encoded newlines before passing the value to system(). No authentication or user interaction is required, and injected commands run in the router firmware execution context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-28137
Published
Apr 15, 2025
Updated
Apr 15, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 15, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 15, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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