CVE-2025-28038Network attack vector

Pre-auth command execution via webWlanIdx injection

Published Apr 22, 2025 · Updated Apr 22, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. The setWebWlanIdx handler uses the attacker-controlled webWlanIdx parameter in an OS command without neutralizing command syntax. No authentication or user interaction is required, so a network-reachable management interface exposes the device to arbitrary command execution.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.09%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK EX1200T firmware 4.1.2cu.5232_B20210713 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. The setWebWlanIdx handler uses the attacker-controlled webWlanIdx parameter in an OS command without neutralizing command syntax. No authentication or user interaction is required, so a network-reachable management interface exposes the device to arbitrary command execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-28038
Published
Apr 22, 2025
Updated
Apr 22, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 22, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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