CVE-2025-28033Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Pre-authentication memory corruption via crafted IpTo

Published Apr 22, 2025 · Updated Apr 23, 2025

Stack-based buffer overflow in affected TOTOLINK router firmware allows remote attackers to corrupt memory through a crafted IpTo value. The setNoticeCfg handler processes the unauthenticated IpTo parameter and writes beyond a stack buffer; public records do not identify the copy operation or buffer size. No credentials or user interaction are required, while the public proof of concept does not establish reliable code execution or a device reboot.

CVSS severity7.3
High
EPSS probability0.38%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

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Summary

What happened

Stack-based buffer overflow in affected TOTOLINK router firmware allows remote attackers to corrupt memory through a crafted IpTo value. The setNoticeCfg handler processes the unauthenticated IpTo parameter and writes beyond a stack buffer; public records do not identify the copy operation or buffer size. No credentials or user interaction are required, while the public proof of concept does not establish reliable code execution or a device reboot.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-28033
Published
Apr 22, 2025
Updated
Apr 23, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-121, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.3CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-121Stack-based Buffer Overflow
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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