CVE-2025-28028Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Service interruption via unchecked v5 buffer copy

Published Apr 23, 2025 · Updated Apr 24, 2025

Buffer overflow in four TOTOLINK router firmware builds allows remote attackers to read, alter, or interrupt device operation via v5. The downloadFile.cgi handler copies an oversized v5 parameter into a fixed-size buffer without checking the input length. Network access without authentication or user interaction is sufficient on A830R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102, A950RG 4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903, A3000RU 5.9c.5185_B20201128, and A3100R 4.1.2cu.5247_B20211129; public evidence does not establish code execution.

CVSS severity7.3
High
EPSS probability0.38%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Buffer overflow in four TOTOLINK router firmware builds allows remote attackers to read, alter, or interrupt device operation via v5. The downloadFile.cgi handler copies an oversized v5 parameter into a fixed-size buffer without checking the input length. Network access without authentication or user interaction is sufficient on A830R 4.1.2cu.5182_B20201102, A950RG 4.1.2cu.5161_B20200903, A3000RU 5.9c.5185_B20201128, and A3100R 4.1.2cu.5247_B20211129; public evidence does not establish code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-28028
Published
Apr 23, 2025
Updated
Apr 24, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-120, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.3CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-120Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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