CVE-2025-27407Network attack vector

Remote code execution via interpolated schema names

Published Mar 12, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Code injection in affected GraphQL-Ruby releases allows remote attackers to execute code by supplying untrusted introspection JSON. Schema construction interpolates attacker-controlled field or argument names into Ruby source passed to class_eval, so crafted names alter the generated code. The application must load untrusted schema JSON through GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection or GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load; successful exploitation runs code in the host process.

CVSS severity9.0
Critical
EPSS probability3.10%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in affected GraphQL-Ruby releases allows remote attackers to execute code by supplying untrusted introspection JSON. Schema construction interpolates attacker-controlled field or argument names into Ruby source passed to class_eval, so crafted names alter the generated code. The application must load untrusted schema JSON through GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection or GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load; successful exploitation runs code in the host process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-27407
Published
Mar 12, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
Robert Mosolgo
Product
GraphQL-Ruby
Classifications
CWE-94, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 1.11.5, < 1.11.8
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 1.12.0, < 1.12.25
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 1.13.0, < 1.13.24
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 2.0.0, < 2.0.32
  5. Affected versionversion=>= 2.1.0, < 2.1.14
  6. Affected versionversion=>= 2.2.0, < 2.2.17
  7. Affected versionversion=>= 2.3.0, < 2.3.21

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Robert Mosolgo · GraphQL-Rubyversion=>= 1.11.5, < 1.11.8; version=>= 1.12.0, < 1.12.25; version=>= 1.13.0, < 1.13.24; version=>= 2.0.0, < 2.0.32; version=>= 2.1.0, < 2.1.14; version=>= 2.2.0, < 2.2.17; version=>= 2.3.0, < 2.3.21

Published CVSS scores

9.0GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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