CVE-2025-25579Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via bandstr interpolation

Published Mar 28, 2025 · Updated Mar 31, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A3002R firmware 4.0.0-B20230531.1404 allows remote attackers to execute commands via bandstr. The formMapDelDevice handler in /bin/boa passes the bandstr POST parameter to sprintf as command content without neutralizing shell metacharacters. The endpoint is network-reachable without authentication, and injected commands run with the web service privileges, permitting router compromise.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability10.42%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A3002R firmware 4.0.0-B20230531.1404 allows remote attackers to execute commands via bandstr. The formMapDelDevice handler in /bin/boa passes the bandstr POST parameter to sprintf as command content without neutralizing shell metacharacters. The endpoint is network-reachable without authentication, and injected commands run with the web service privileges, permitting router compromise.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-25579
Published
Mar 28, 2025
Updated
Mar 31, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 31, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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