CVE-2025-25291Network attack vector

Authentication bypass via DOCTYPE parser differential

Published Mar 12, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Authentication bypass in OneLogin ruby-saml before 1.12.4 and 1.13.0 through 1.17.0 allows remote attackers to impersonate any user. In validate_signature, REXML supplies the SignatureValue and DigestValue while Nokogiri supplies SignedInfo and the hashed assertion, disconnecting the verified signature from attacker-controlled identity data. Exploitation requires one valid signature from the target organization, obtainable from an unprivileged assertion or sometimes public identity-provider metadata.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability20.59%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in OneLogin ruby-saml before 1.12.4 and 1.13.0 through 1.17.0 allows remote attackers to impersonate any user. In validate_signature, REXML supplies the SignatureValue and DigestValue while Nokogiri supplies SignedInfo and the hashed assertion, disconnecting the verified signature from attacker-controlled identity data. Exploitation requires one valid signature from the target organization, obtainable from an unprivileged assertion or sometimes public identity-provider metadata.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-25291
Published
Mar 12, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
OneLogin
Product
ruby-saml
Classifications
CWE-347, CWE-436, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.12.4
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OneLogin · ruby-samlversion=< 1.12.4; version=>= 1.13.0, < 1.18.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-347Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
CWE-436Interpretation Conflict
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo