CVE-2025-25184Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Log forgery via unescaped CRLF characters

Published Feb 12, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Log injection in Rack before 2.2.11, 3.0 through 3.0.11, and 3.1 through 3.1.9 allows remote authenticated users to forge log entries. Rack::CommonLogger preserves newline characters while formatting the REMOTE_USER value supplied by Rack::Auth::Basic, so an embedded CRLF sequence becomes a new log line. Exploitation requires an application that logs login attempts or accepts a CRLF-bearing username, and the result is log-format disruption or fraudulent entries rather than code execution.

CVSS severityUnavailable
Unscored
EPSS probability1.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Log injection in Rack before 2.2.11, 3.0 through 3.0.11, and 3.1 through 3.1.9 allows remote authenticated users to forge log entries. Rack::CommonLogger preserves newline characters while formatting the REMOTE_USER value supplied by Rack::Auth::Basic, so an embedded CRLF sequence becomes a new log line. Exploitation requires an application that logs login attempts or accepts a CRLF-bearing username, and the result is log-format disruption or fraudulent entries rather than code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-25184
Published
Feb 12, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
Rack
Product
Rack
Classifications
CWE-93, CWE-117, T1565.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.2.11
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 3.0, < 3.0.12
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 3.1, < 3.1.10

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Rack · Rackversion=< 2.2.11; version=>= 3.0, < 3.0.12; version=>= 3.1, < 3.1.10

Published CVSS scores

5.7GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-93Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
CWE-117Improper Output Neutralization for Logs
T1565.001Stored Data Manipulation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo