CVE-2025-24975Network attack vector

Encrypted database access via unchecked pooled callbacks

Published Aug 15, 2025 · Updated Aug 20, 2025

Improper callback validation in affected Firebird 4, 5, and 6 snapshots allows remote authenticated users to access encrypted databases. ExtConnPool reuses external connections without checking whether their CryptCallback interfaces are present and suitable for the current attachment. A nonzero ExtConnPoolSize and chained EXECUTE STATEMENT calls can reuse a connection under an attachment lacking the database key or crash the server.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability0.52%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper callback validation in affected Firebird 4, 5, and 6 snapshots allows remote authenticated users to access encrypted databases. ExtConnPool reuses external connections without checking whether their CryptCallback interfaces are present and suitable for the current attachment. A nonzero ExtConnPoolSize and chained EXECUTE STATEMENT calls can reuse a connection under an attachment lacking the database key or crash the server.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-24975
Published
Aug 15, 2025
Updated
Aug 20, 2025
Vendor
FirebirdSQL
Product
Firebird
Classifications
CWE-754, T1210
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 15, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 20, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 4.0.6.3183
  2. Affected versionversion=< 5.0.2.1610
  3. Affected versionversion=< 6.0.0.609

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

FirebirdSQL · Firebirdversion=< 4.0.6.3183; version=< 5.0.2.1610; version=< 6.0.0.609

Published CVSS scores

7.1GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-754Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions
T1210Exploitation of Remote Services

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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