CVE-2025-24959

Code execution via unsafe environment serialization

Published Feb 3, 2025 · Updated Feb 12, 2025

Code injection in Google zx 8.3.0 through 8.3.1 allows local users to inject environment variables through dotenv.stringify. The serializer fails to neutralize quote and backtick characters in untrusted values, letting crafted data break the intended dotenv value syntax and introduce additional assignments. Exploitation requires an application to serialize attacker-controlled values and later load the output, allowing injected settings to alter commands or other security-sensitive behavior.

CVSS severity1.0
Low
EPSS probability0.18%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Google zx 8.3.0 through 8.3.1 allows local users to inject environment variables through dotenv.stringify. The serializer fails to neutralize quote and backtick characters in untrusted values, letting crafted data break the intended dotenv value syntax and introduce additional assignments. Exploitation requires an application to serialize attacker-controlled values and later load the output, allowing injected settings to alter commands or other security-sensitive behavior.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-24959
Published
Feb 3, 2025
Updated
Feb 12, 2025
Vendor
Google
Product
zx
Classifications
CWE-74, CWE-94, T1059
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 3, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 12, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 8.3.0, < 8.3.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Google · zxversion=>= 8.3.0, < 8.3.2

Published CVSS scores

5.2GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
1.0GitHub CNACVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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