CVE-2025-24802Network attack vector

Proof forgery via zero-padded lookup gates

Published Jan 30, 2025 · Updated Jan 30, 2025

A soundness flaw in Polygon Zero Plonky2 1.0.0 allows remote attackers to make honest verifiers accept false lookup claims. LookupTableGate pads incomplete batches with the absent 0-to-0 pair, so tables whose length is not divisible by 26 acquire a false constraint-satisfying entry. Exploitation requires a malicious prover and a circuit using an affected table; common Monolith and Tip hash tables already map zero to zero.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability0.32%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

A soundness flaw in Polygon Zero Plonky2 1.0.0 allows remote attackers to make honest verifiers accept false lookup claims. LookupTableGate pads incomplete batches with the absent 0-to-0 pair, so tables whose length is not divisible by 26 acquire a false constraint-satisfying entry. Exploitation requires a malicious prover and a circuit using an affected table; common Monolith and Tip hash tables already map zero to zero.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-24802
Published
Jan 30, 2025
Updated
Jan 30, 2025
Vendor
Polygon Zero
Product
Plonky2
Classifications
CWE-1240, T1565.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 30, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 30, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion== 1.0.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Polygon Zero · Plonky2version== 1.0.0

Published CVSS scores

8.6GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1240Use of a Cryptographic Primitive with a Risky Implementation
T1565.002Transmitted Data Manipulation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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