CVE-2025-24374Network attack vector

HTML injection via unescaped null-coalescing operand

Published Jan 29, 2025 · Updated Jan 29, 2025

Output escaping in Twig 3.16.0 through 3.18.0 allows remote attackers to inject markup through rendered template values. NullCoalesceBinary::getOperandNamesToEscape returned only the right operand for context variables, leaving a non-null left value unescaped. Exploitation requires an application to render attacker-controlled left-operand data and a user to consume the output, enabling rendered-content modification.

CVSS severity4.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.29%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Output escaping in Twig 3.16.0 through 3.18.0 allows remote attackers to inject markup through rendered template values. NullCoalesceBinary::getOperandNamesToEscape returned only the right operand for context variables, leaving a non-null left value unescaped. Exploitation requires an application to render attacker-controlled left-operand data and a user to consume the output, enabling rendered-content modification.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-24374
Published
Jan 29, 2025
Updated
Jan 29, 2025
Vendor
Twig
Product
Twig
Classifications
CWE-74
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 3.16.0, < 3.19.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Twig · Twigversion=>= 3.16.0, < 3.19.0

Published CVSS scores

4.3GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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