CVE-2025-23949Network attack vector

Subscriber-level code execution via local file inclusion

Published Jan 22, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026

Local file inclusion in Improved Sale Badges – Free Version 1.0.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute includable PHP files. Published sources do not identify the affected file, function, or parameter; they state only that the plugin permits inclusion of attacker-selected local files. Wordfence and Patchstack report that Subscriber-level access is required, while the CNA CVSS assessment records no privileges; successful inclusion can disclose local files or execute PHP code already present on the server.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability0.89%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Local file inclusion in Improved Sale Badges – Free Version 1.0.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute includable PHP files. Published sources do not identify the affected file, function, or parameter; they state only that the plugin permits inclusion of attacker-selected local files. Wordfence and Patchstack report that Subscriber-level access is required, while the CNA CVSS assessment records no privileges; successful inclusion can disclose local files or execute PHP code already present on the server.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23949
Published
Jan 22, 2025
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
Mihajlovic Nenad
Product
Improved Sale Badges – Free Version
Classifications
CWE-98, CAPEC-252, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=1.0.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Mihajlovic Nenad · Improved Sale Badges – Free Versionversion=0 <=1.0.1

Published CVSS scores

8.1PatchstackCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-98Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion')
CAPEC-252PHP Local File Inclusion
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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