CVE-2025-2357Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Decoder crash via unchecked pixel gradients

Published Mar 17, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Out-of-bounds access in DCMTK 3.6.9 allows remote attackers to crash JPEG-LS decoding by supplying a crafted DICOM image. The dcmjpls scan decoder passes unbounded differences between neighboring pixels into its gradient quantization lookup instead of rejecting values outside the bit-depth range. The file must be opened by a process using the decoder; successful exploitation terminates that process without a reported code-execution path.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.44%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds access in DCMTK 3.6.9 allows remote attackers to crash JPEG-LS decoding by supplying a crafted DICOM image. The dcmjpls scan decoder passes unbounded differences between neighboring pixels into its gradient quantization lookup instead of rejecting values outside the bit-depth range. The file must be opened by a process using the decoder; successful exploitation terminates that process without a reported code-execution path.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-2357
Published
Mar 17, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
OFFIS e.V.
Product
DCMTK
Classifications
CWE-119, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.6.9

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OFFIS e.V. · DCMTKversion=3.6.9

Published CVSS scores

7.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
5.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
6.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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