CVE-2025-23298Public exploit

Code execution via unsafe checkpoint deserialization

Published Aug 13, 2025 · Updated Aug 13, 2025

Code injection in NVIDIA Transformers4Rec allows local users to execute arbitrary code through a malicious model checkpoint. The load_model_trainer_states_from_checkpoint function passes t4rec_model_class.pkl to unrestricted cloudpickle.load, permitting pickle reducers to invoke attacker-chosen operations. Exploitation requires an attacker-supplied checkpoint to be loaded; code runs as the target process and gains elevated privileges only when that process is privileged.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.75%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in NVIDIA Transformers4Rec allows local users to execute arbitrary code through a malicious model checkpoint. The load_model_trainer_states_from_checkpoint function passes t4rec_model_class.pkl to unrestricted cloudpickle.load, permitting pickle reducers to invoke attacker-chosen operations. Exploitation requires an attacker-supplied checkpoint to be loaded; code runs as the target process and gains elevated privileges only when that process is privileged.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23298
Published
Aug 13, 2025
Updated
Aug 13, 2025
Vendor
DPDK Project
Product
Transformers4Rec
Classifications
CWE-94, T1204.002
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 13, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=All versions that do not include code commit b7eaea5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

DPDK Project · Transformers4Recversion=All versions that do not include code commit b7eaea5

Published CVSS scores

7.8Trend Micro Zero Day InitiativeCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8NVIDIACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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