CVE-2025-23205Network attack vector

Formgrader disclosure via same-origin iframe access

Published Jan 17, 2025 · Updated Feb 6, 2025

Improper frame restrictions in Project Jupyter nbgrader 0.9.4 allow remote authenticated users to read formgrader content via a link. The formgrader handler sets frame-ancestors to self, letting script on an attacker's same-origin JupyterHub page read an iframe loaded with the victim's credentials. Exploitation requires the victim to visit the page and a shared-origin JupyterHub deployment without per-user subdomains; the reported consequence is formgrader data disclosure.

CVSS severity6.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.47%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper frame restrictions in Project Jupyter nbgrader 0.9.4 allow remote authenticated users to read formgrader content via a link. The formgrader handler sets frame-ancestors to self, letting script on an attacker's same-origin JupyterHub page read an iframe loaded with the victim's credentials. Exploitation requires the victim to visit the page and a shared-origin JupyterHub deployment without per-user subdomains; the reported consequence is formgrader data disclosure.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23205
Published
Jan 17, 2025
Updated
Feb 6, 2025
Vendor
Project Jupyter
Product
nbgrader
Classifications
CWE-668
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 6, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion== 0.9.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Project Jupyter · nbgraderversion== 0.9.4

Published CVSS scores

6.9GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-668Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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