CVE-2025-23168Network attack vector

Authenticated 2FA bypass via redirected reusable OTPs

Published Jun 18, 2025 · Updated Jun 23, 2025

Authentication bypass in Versa Networks Versa Director allows remote authenticated users to defeat OTP-based two-factor authentication. The login flow trusts user-controlled OTP delivery destinations, accepts previously used codes, and lacks adequate attempt limits despite a small OTP keyspace. A valid username and password are required; successful exploitation grants access protected by the second factor.

CVSS severity6.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.38%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Versa Networks Versa Director allows remote authenticated users to defeat OTP-based two-factor authentication. The login flow trusts user-controlled OTP delivery destinations, accepts previously used codes, and lacks adequate attempt limits despite a small OTP keyspace. A valid username and password are required; successful exploitation grants access protected by the second factor.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23168
Published
Jun 18, 2025
Updated
Jun 23, 2025
Vendor
Versa Networks
Product
Versa Director
Classifications
CWE-290, T1110
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 18, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=21.2.2 <=21.2.2
  2. Affected versionversion=21.2.3 <=21.2.3
  3. Affected versionversion=22.1.1 <=22.1.1
  4. Affected versionversion=22.1.2 <=22.1.2
  5. Affected versionversion=22.1.3 <=22.1.3
  6. Affected versionversion=22.1.4 <=22.1.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Versa Networks · Versa Directorversion=21.2.2 <=21.2.2; version=21.2.3 <=21.2.3; version=22.1.1 <=22.1.1; version=22.1.2 <=22.1.2; version=22.1.3 <=22.1.3; version=22.1.4 <=22.1.4

Published CVSS scores

6.3HackerOne CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-290Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
T1110Brute Force

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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