CVE-2025-23132

Kernel warning via F2FS checkpoint-remount race

Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Race condition in F2FS quota checkpointing in Linux 4.20 through 6.14.1 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning during remount. f2fs_write_checkpoint continues after its nonblocking s_umount read-lock attempt fails, while remount releases the write lock before f2fs_quota_sync reaches dquot_writeback_dquots. Reachability requires an atomic-write checkpoint to overlap an F2FS remount; the direct consequence is a warning, which interrupts service only when warnings are configured to panic the kernel.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Race condition in F2FS quota checkpointing in Linux 4.20 through 6.14.1 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning during remount. f2fs_write_checkpoint continues after its nonblocking s_umount read-lock attempt fails, while remount releases the write lock before f2fs_quota_sync reaches dquot_writeback_dquots. Reachability requires an atomic-write checkpoint to overlap an F2FS remount; the direct consequence is a warning, which interrupts service only when warnings are configured to panic the kernel.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23132
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.20
  2. Affected versionversion=af033b2aa8a874fd5737fafe90d159136527b5b4 <d7acf0a6c87aa282c86a36dbaa2f92fda88c5884
  3. Affected versionversion=af033b2aa8a874fd5737fafe90d159136527b5b4 <eb85c2410d6f581e957cd03a644ff6ddbe592af9

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=4.20; version=af033b2aa8a874fd5737fafe90d159136527b5b4 <d7acf0a6c87aa282c86a36dbaa2f92fda88c5884; version=af033b2aa8a874fd5737fafe90d159136527b5b4 <eb85c2410d6f581e957cd03a644ff6ddbe592af9

Published CVSS scores

5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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