CVE-2025-23091Network attack vector

Update tampering via improper certificate validation

Published Feb 1, 2025 · Updated Mar 13, 2025

Improper certificate validation in Ubiquiti UniFi OS allows man-in-the-middle attackers to alter application updates in transit. The application updater does not properly validate the update server certificate, but Ubiquiti has not disclosed the specific validation check that fails. Exploitation requires Identity Enterprise to be configured and an attacker to interpose on the update connection; the reported consequence is update integrity compromise, not data disclosure or service interruption.

CVSS severity5.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.20%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper certificate validation in Ubiquiti UniFi OS allows man-in-the-middle attackers to alter application updates in transit. The application updater does not properly validate the update server certificate, but Ubiquiti has not disclosed the specific validation check that fails. Exploitation requires Identity Enterprise to be configured and an attacker to interpose on the update connection; the reported consequence is update integrity compromise, not data disclosure or service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23091
Published
Feb 1, 2025
Updated
Mar 13, 2025
Vendor
Ubiquiti Inc.
Product
Dream Machine Pro
Classifications
CWE-295, T1557
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Ubiquiti Inc. · Dream Machine Proversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13
Ubiquiti Inc. · Dream Machine Special Editionversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13
Ubiquiti Inc. · Dream Machine Pro Maxversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13
Ubiquiti Inc. · Enterprise Fortress Gatewayversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13
Ubiquiti Inc. · CloudKey Gen2 Plusversion=4.1.11 <4.1.11
Ubiquiti Inc. · Network Video Recorder Proversion=4.1.11 <4.1.11
Ubiquiti Inc. · CloudKey Enterpriseversion=4.1.11 <4.1.11
Ubiquiti Inc. · Cloud Gateway Maxversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13
Ubiquiti Inc. · Network Video Recorderversion=4.1.11 <4.1.11
Ubiquiti Inc. · Dream Wallversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13
Ubiquiti Inc. · UniFi Dream Machineversion=4.1.13 <4.1.13
Ubiquiti Inc. · CloudKey Gen2version=4.1.11 <4.1.11

Published CVSS scores

5.9HackerOne CNACVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-295Improper Certificate Validation
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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