CVE-2025-2309Public exploit

Heap corruption via unchecked bit-field bounds

Published Mar 14, 2025 · Updated May 8, 2025

Heap-based buffer overflow in HDF5 1.14.6 allows local users to corrupt process memory by opening a malformed HDF5 file. H5O__dtype_decode_helper accepts bit-field offsets and precision values beyond the element size, so H5T__bit_copy reads past the heap allocation. The public proof of concept requires local h5dump execution and demonstrates a one-byte out-of-bounds read and process crash; code execution is not demonstrated.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.36%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Heap-based buffer overflow in HDF5 1.14.6 allows local users to corrupt process memory by opening a malformed HDF5 file. H5O__dtype_decode_helper accepts bit-field offsets and precision values beyond the element size, so H5T__bit_copy reads past the heap allocation. The public proof of concept requires local h5dump execution and demonstrates a one-byte out-of-bounds read and process crash; code execution is not demonstrated.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-2309
Published
Mar 14, 2025
Updated
May 8, 2025
Vendor
The HDF Group
Product
HDF5
Classifications
CWE-119, CWE-122, CWE-787, T1203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 14, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 8, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.14.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The HDF Group · HDF5version=1.14.6

Published CVSS scores

4.3VulDB CNAAV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
5.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.8VulDB CNACVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow
CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo