CVE-2025-23078Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Stored XSS via unescaped display-title output

Published Jan 10, 2025 · Updated Jan 13, 2025

Stored XSS in BreadCrumbs2 1.39.x before 1.39.11, 1.41.x before 1.41.5, or 1.42.x before 1.42.4 allows attackers to run script. BreadCrumbs2.class.php inserts unescaped display-title HTML into breadcrumb output instead of neutralizing active markup. Exploitation requires $wgAllowDisplayTitle=true and $wgRestrictDisplayTitle=false plus a crafted saved DISPLAYTITLE; loading the page then runs the script.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.25%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stored XSS in BreadCrumbs2 1.39.x before 1.39.11, 1.41.x before 1.41.5, or 1.42.x before 1.42.4 allows attackers to run script. BreadCrumbs2.class.php inserts unescaped display-title HTML into breadcrumb output instead of neutralizing active markup. Exploitation requires $wgAllowDisplayTitle=true and $wgRestrictDisplayTitle=false plus a crafted saved DISPLAYTITLE; loading the page then runs the script.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23078
Published
Jan 10, 2025
Updated
Jan 13, 2025
Vendor
Wikimedia Foundation
Product
BreadCrumbs2
Classifications
CWE-79, T1059.007
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 10, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.39.x <1.39.11
  2. Affected versionversion=1.41.x <1.41.5
  3. Affected versionversion=1.42.x <1.42.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Wikimedia Foundation · BreadCrumbs2version=1.39.x <1.39.11; version=1.41.x <1.41.5; version=1.42.x <1.42.4

Published CVSS scores

6.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
T1059.007Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript/JScript

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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