CVE-2025-23028Network attack vector

Agent crash via malformed DNS address records

Published Jan 22, 2025 · Updated Feb 18, 2025

Denial of service in the Cilium agent DNS proxy allows remote attackers to crash agents with crafted DNS responses. ExtractMsgDetails accepts A and AAAA records whose byte slices are not valid 4- or 16-byte IP addresses, then DNS policy processing assumes valid addresses instead of returning an error. Exploitation requires DNS proxying and a crafted external DNS response; the crash disrupts new DNS-dependent connections and delays configuration changes until restart.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in the Cilium agent DNS proxy allows remote attackers to crash agents with crafted DNS responses. ExtractMsgDetails accepts A and AAAA records whose byte slices are not valid 4- or 16-byte IP addresses, then DNS policy processing assumes valid addresses instead of returning an error. Exploitation requires DNS proxying and a crafted external DNS response; the crash disrupts new DNS-dependent connections and delays configuration changes until restart.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-23028
Published
Jan 22, 2025
Updated
Feb 18, 2025
Vendor
Cilium
Product
Cilium
Classifications
CWE-770, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 18, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 1.14.0, < 1.14.18
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 1.15.0, < 1.15.12
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 1.16.0, < 1.16.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Cilium · Ciliumversion=>= 1.14.0, < 1.14.18; version=>= 1.15.0, < 1.15.12; version=>= 1.16.0, < 1.16.5

Published CVSS scores

5.3GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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