CVE-2025-22149Network attack vector

Revoked-key acceptance via additive cache refresh

Published Jan 9, 2025 · Updated May 23, 2025

Improper cache refresh in Micah Parks jwkset 0.5.0 through 0.5.21 allows attackers to keep revoked keys usable via its HTTP client. The refresh goroutine decodes the current remote JWK Set and writes each key into the existing MemoryJWKSet without first deleting keys absent from the response. Exploitation requires the auto-caching HTTP client with a nonzero refresh interval, a stolen private key, upstream removal of that key, and no other revocation control; forged content can then remain accepted.

CVSS severity2.1
Low
EPSS probability0.56%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper cache refresh in Micah Parks jwkset 0.5.0 through 0.5.21 allows attackers to keep revoked keys usable via its HTTP client. The refresh goroutine decodes the current remote JWK Set and writes each key into the existing MemoryJWKSet without first deleting keys absent from the response. Exploitation requires the auto-caching HTTP client with a nonzero refresh interval, a stolen private key, upstream removal of that key, and no other revocation control; forged content can then remain accepted.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-22149
Published
Jan 9, 2025
Updated
May 23, 2025
Vendor
Micah Parks
Product
jwkset
Classifications
CWE-672
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 0.5.0, < 0.6.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Micah Parks · jwksetversion=>= 0.5.0, < 0.6.0

Published CVSS scores

2.1GitHubCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-672Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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