CVE-2025-22123

Kernel panic via invalid F2FS segment access

Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026

Denial of service in F2FS in Linux kernel 6.9 allows local users to trigger a kernel panic after a no-free-segment fault. After the allocator records NULL_SEGNO and sets CP_ERROR_FLAG, f2fs_write_inode() omits the flag check and get_ckpt_valid_blocks() dereferences the invalid curseg->segno value. Local low-privileged access to an F2FS filesystem and a no-free-segment condition are required; the documented consequence is availability loss only.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in F2FS in Linux kernel 6.9 allows local users to trigger a kernel panic after a no-free-segment fault. After the allocator records NULL_SEGNO and sets CP_ERROR_FLAG, f2fs_write_inode() omits the flag check and get_ckpt_valid_blocks() dereferences the invalid curseg->segno value. Local low-privileged access to an F2FS filesystem and a no-free-segment condition are required; the documented consequence is availability loss only.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-22123
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-908, T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.9
  2. Affected versionversion=8b10d3653735e117bc1954ade80d75ad7b46b801 <7f90e5d423cd2d4c74b2abb527872f335108637f
  3. Affected versionversion=8b10d3653735e117bc1954ade80d75ad7b46b801 <986c50f6bca109c6cf362b4e2babcb85aba958f6
  4. Affected versionversion=8b10d3653735e117bc1954ade80d75ad7b46b801 <bf49527089ec1ba894c6e587affabbfb2329f52e

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=6.9; version=8b10d3653735e117bc1954ade80d75ad7b46b801 <7f90e5d423cd2d4c74b2abb527872f335108637f; version=8b10d3653735e117bc1954ade80d75ad7b46b801 <986c50f6bca109c6cf362b4e2babcb85aba958f6; version=8b10d3653735e117bc1954ade80d75ad7b46b801 <bf49527089ec1ba894c6e587affabbfb2329f52e

Published CVSS scores

5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-908Use of Uninitialized Resource
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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