CVE-2025-22069

Kernel warning via mismatched fgraph stack layout

Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Improper stack handling in Linux 6.12.75 through 6.12.91 and 6.14 through 6.14.1 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning. RISC-V return_to_handler builds an argument stack layout that does not match __arch_ftrace_regs, causing ftrace_return_to_handler to read an unexpected frame pointer. Reaching the flaw requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN access to tracefs and function graph tracing; the published reproducer reports a warning rather than a crash.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper stack handling in Linux 6.12.75 through 6.12.91 and 6.14 through 6.14.1 allows local users to trigger a kernel warning. RISC-V return_to_handler builds an argument stack layout that does not match __arch_ftrace_regs, causing ftrace_return_to_handler to read an unexpected frame pointer. Reaching the flaw requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN access to tracefs and function graph tracing; the published reproducer reports a warning rather than a crash.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-22069
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-668
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=33d4e904e24d14ff0fbc528b657ddc7c7b636e6a <7ed384db061a264bd806898f7ccab9b98b591488
  2. Affected versionversion=6.12.75 <6.12.92
  3. Affected versionversion=6.14
  4. Affected versionversion=a3ed4157b7d89800a0008de0c9e46a438a5c3745 <67a5ba8f742f247bc83e46dd2313c142b1383276
  5. Affected versionversion=a3ed4157b7d89800a0008de0c9e46a438a5c3745 <78b39c587b8f6c69140177108f9c08a75b1c7c37

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=33d4e904e24d14ff0fbc528b657ddc7c7b636e6a <7ed384db061a264bd806898f7ccab9b98b591488; version=6.12.75 <6.12.92; version=6.14; version=a3ed4157b7d89800a0008de0c9e46a438a5c3745 <67a5ba8f742f247bc83e46dd2313c142b1383276; version=a3ed4157b7d89800a0008de0c9e46a438a5c3745 <78b39c587b8f6c69140177108f9c08a75b1c7c37

Published CVSS scores

7.8Linux kernel CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-668Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

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