CVE-2025-21932

Kernel memory corruption via stale VMA merge state

Published Apr 1, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Memory corruption in Linux 6.12 through 6.12.18 and 6.13 through 6.13.6 allows local users to corrupt kernel memory via address-space syscalls. After commit_merge() exhausts memory, vma_modify() reuses mutated vmg->start and vmg->end values to split a VMA at invalid boundaries. The path requires unprivileged local syscall access and a practically unreachable maple-tree preallocation failure under extreme memory pressure; successful triggering exposes kernel data, corrupts memory, or crashes the host.

CVSS severity7.0
High
EPSS probability0.20%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Memory corruption in Linux 6.12 through 6.12.18 and 6.13 through 6.13.6 allows local users to corrupt kernel memory via address-space syscalls. After commit_merge() exhausts memory, vma_modify() reuses mutated vmg->start and vmg->end values to split a VMA at invalid boundaries. The path requires unprivileged local syscall access and a practically unreachable maple-tree preallocation failure under extreme memory pressure; successful triggering exposes kernel data, corrupts memory, or crashes the host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21932
Published
Apr 1, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2f1c6611b0a89afcb8641471af5f223c9caa01e0 <47b16d0462a460000b8f05dfb1292377ac48f3ca
  2. Affected versionversion=2f1c6611b0a89afcb8641471af5f223c9caa01e0 <53fd215f7886a1e8dea5a9ca1391dbb697fff601
  3. Affected versionversion=2f1c6611b0a89afcb8641471af5f223c9caa01e0 <79636d2981b066acd945117387a9533f56411f6f
  4. Affected versionversion=6.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=2f1c6611b0a89afcb8641471af5f223c9caa01e0 <47b16d0462a460000b8f05dfb1292377ac48f3ca; version=2f1c6611b0a89afcb8641471af5f223c9caa01e0 <53fd215f7886a1e8dea5a9ca1391dbb697fff601; version=2f1c6611b0a89afcb8641471af5f223c9caa01e0 <79636d2981b066acd945117387a9533f56411f6f; version=6.12

Published CVSS scores

7.0Linux kernel CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo