CVE-2025-21761

Local privilege escalation via unprotected vport dereference

Published Feb 27, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Use-after-free in the Open vSwitch kernel datapath in Linux allows local users to gain elevated privileges through local access. ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info dereferences a vport-associated network namespace without holding RTNL or an RCU read-side lock, allowing concurrent teardown to free the referenced object. A local low-privilege account and access to the Open vSwitch datapath are required; successful exploitation compromises kernel memory and can interrupt the system.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.24%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Use-after-free in the Open vSwitch kernel datapath in Linux allows local users to gain elevated privileges through local access. ovs_vport_cmd_fill_info dereferences a vport-associated network namespace without holding RTNL or an RCU read-side lock, allowing concurrent teardown to free the referenced object. A local low-privilege account and access to the Open vSwitch datapath are required; successful exploitation compromises kernel memory and can interrupt the system.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21761
Published
Feb 27, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
Siemens
Product
SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem
Classifications
CWE-416, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <*

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Siemens · SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystemversion=0 <*
The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=4.15; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <5828937742af74666192835d657095d95c53dbd0; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <7e01abc34e87abd091e619161a20f54ed4e3e2da; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <8ec57509c36c8b9a23e50b7858dda0c520a2d074; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <90b2f49a502fa71090d9f4fe29a2f51fe5dff76d; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <a849a10de5e04d798f7f286a2f1ca174719a617a; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <a8816b3f1f151373fd30f1996f00480126c8bb11; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <a884f57600e463f69d7b279c4598b865260b62a1; version=9354d452034273a50a4fd703bea31e5d6b1fc20b <e85a25d1a9985645e796039e843d1de581d2de1e

Published CVSS scores

7.8Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.0Oracle LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-416Use After Free
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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