CVE-2025-21704

Kernel memory corruption via undersized USB notification fragment

Published Feb 22, 2025 · Updated May 12, 2026

Improper input validation in the Linux kernel CDC-ACM driver allows physically proximate attackers to corrupt kernel memory via USB. In acm_ctrl_irq(), an undersized first notification fragment is used to read length data beyond the received buffer, allowing expected_size minus nb_index to wrap during reassembly. The path runs only after userspace opens the ttyACM device, although ModemManager can open a matching device automatically.

CVSS severity4.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.35%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper input validation in the Linux kernel CDC-ACM driver allows physically proximate attackers to corrupt kernel memory via USB. In acm_ctrl_irq(), an undersized first notification fragment is used to read length data beyond the received buffer, allowing expected_size minus nb_index to wrap during reassembly. The path runs only after userspace opens the ttyACM device, although ModemManager can open a matching device automatically.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21704
Published
Feb 22, 2025
Updated
May 12, 2026
Vendor
Siemens
Product
SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem
Classifications
CWE-20, T1200
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 22, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 12, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <*

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Siemens · SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystemversion=0 <*
The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <383d516a0ebc8641372b521c8cb717f0f1834831; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <6abb510251e75f875797d8983a830e6731fa281c; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <7828e9363ac4d23b02419bf2a45b9f1d9fb35646; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <871619c2b78fdfe05afb4e8ba548678687beb812; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <90dd2f1b7342b9a671a5ea4160f408037b92b118; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <a4e1ae5c0533964170197e4fb4f33bc8c1db5cd2; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <e563b01208f4d1f609bcab13333b6c0e24ce6a01; version=1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <f64079bef6a8a7823358c3f352ea29a617844636; version=2.6.12

Published CVSS scores

4.4Siemens ProductCERTCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.1Siemens ProductCERTCVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
T1200Hardware Additions

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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