CVE-2025-21697

Local privilege escalation via stale v3d job pointer

Published Feb 12, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Use-after-free in the Linux kernel v3d DRM driver allows local users to gain kernel privileges through render-node GPU job submissions. The completion path signals the job fence without clearing the device active-job pointer, leaving it able to reference a freed job object. A low-privileged process with access to /dev/dri/renderD128 can submit v3d jobs and exploit the stale kernel pointer for same-host privilege escalation.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Use-after-free in the Linux kernel v3d DRM driver allows local users to gain kernel privileges through render-node GPU job submissions. The completion path signals the job fence without clearing the device active-job pointer, leaving it able to reference a freed job object. A low-privileged process with access to /dev/dri/renderD128 can submit v3d jobs and exploit the stale kernel pointer for same-host privilege escalation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21697
Published
Feb 12, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <14e0a874488e79086340ba8e2d238cb9596b68a8
  2. Affected versionversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <1bd6303d08c85072ce40ac01a767ab67195105bd
  3. Affected versionversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <2a1c88f7ca5c12dff6fa6787492ac910bb9e4407
  4. Affected versionversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <63195bae1cbf78f1d392b1bc9ae4b03c82d0ebf3
  5. Affected versionversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <a34050f70e7955a359874dff1a912a748724a140
  6. Affected versionversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <b22467b1ae104073dcb11aa78562a331cd7fb0e0
  7. Affected versionversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <e4b5ccd392b92300a2b341705cc4805681094e49
  8. Affected versionversion=4.19

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <14e0a874488e79086340ba8e2d238cb9596b68a8; version=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <1bd6303d08c85072ce40ac01a767ab67195105bd; version=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <2a1c88f7ca5c12dff6fa6787492ac910bb9e4407; version=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <63195bae1cbf78f1d392b1bc9ae4b03c82d0ebf3; version=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <a34050f70e7955a359874dff1a912a748724a140; version=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <b22467b1ae104073dcb11aa78562a331cd7fb0e0; version=14d1d190869685d3a1e8a3f63924e20594557cb2 <e4b5ccd392b92300a2b341705cc4805681094e49; version=4.19

Published CVSS scores

5.5UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.8LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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