CVE-2025-21684

Local service interruption via GPIO lock mismatch

Published Feb 9, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026

Improper locking in the Xilinx GPIO driver in Linux allows local users to interrupt service by initiating GPIO interrupt setup. The driver's xgpio_irq_unmask path acquires an ordinary gpio_lock while an irq_chip callback is already executing in raw-spinlock context, producing an invalid wait context. The condition requires local low-privileged access and active Xilinx GPIO hardware; the published trace demonstrates a kernel warning rather than a crash.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper locking in the Xilinx GPIO driver in Linux allows local users to interrupt service by initiating GPIO interrupt setup. The driver's xgpio_irq_unmask path acquires an ordinary gpio_lock while an irq_chip callback is already executing in raw-spinlock context, producing an invalid wait context. The condition requires local low-privileged access and active Xilinx GPIO hardware; the published trace demonstrates a kernel warning rather than a crash.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21684
Published
Feb 9, 2025
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-667, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.12
  2. Affected versionversion=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <9860370c2172704b6b4f0075a0c2a29fd84af96a
  3. Affected versionversion=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <9c035105c5537d2ecad6b9415e9417a1ffbd0a62
  4. Affected versionversion=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <b0111650ee596219bb5defa0ce1a1308e6e77ccf
  5. Affected versionversion=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <d25041d4a3b2af64c888cf762362b2528ba59294
  6. Affected versionversion=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <f0ed2d0abc021f56fa27dc6d0770535c1851a43b

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=5.12; version=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <9860370c2172704b6b4f0075a0c2a29fd84af96a; version=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <9c035105c5537d2ecad6b9415e9417a1ffbd0a62; version=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <b0111650ee596219bb5defa0ce1a1308e6e77ccf; version=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <d25041d4a3b2af64c888cf762362b2528ba59294; version=a32c7caea292c4d1e417eae6e5a348d187546acf <f0ed2d0abc021f56fa27dc6d0770535c1851a43b

Published CVSS scores

5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-667Improper Locking
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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