CVE-2025-21607Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Incorrect contract execution via unchecked precompile results

Published Jan 14, 2025 · Updated Apr 24, 2025

Incorrect contract execution in Vyper before 0.4.1 allows remote authenticated users to produce wrong results via gas-limited calls. The compiler emits EcRecover and Identity staticcalls without asserting their success flag, so execution continues with stale or empty output after an out-of-gas failure. Exploitation requires carefully chosen gas that lets the precompile fail while leaving simple later code executable; the project found no significantly impacted real-world contracts.

CVSS severity2.3
Low
EPSS probability0.65%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Incorrect contract execution in Vyper before 0.4.1 allows remote authenticated users to produce wrong results via gas-limited calls. The compiler emits EcRecover and Identity staticcalls without asserting their success flag, so execution continues with stale or empty output after an out-of-gas failure. Exploitation requires carefully chosen gas that lets the precompile fail while leaving simple later code executable; the project found no significantly impacted real-world contracts.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21607
Published
Jan 14, 2025
Updated
Apr 24, 2025
Vendor
Vyper
Product
Vyper
Classifications
CWE-670
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 14, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 0.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Vyper · Vyperversion=< 0.4.1

Published CVSS scores

2.3GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-670Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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