CVE-2025-21598Network attack vector

Daemon crash via malformed BGP update tracing

Published Jan 9, 2025 · Updated Jan 9, 2025

Out-of-bounds read in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved rpd allows remote attackers to crash the daemon with malformed BGP updates. With packet receive tracing enabled, rpd reads beyond a valid buffer boundary while processing a malformed BGP update and terminates. An established iBGP or eBGP session and packet receive trace options are required; the bounded consequence is an rpd crash and routing-service interruption.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.73%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds read in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved rpd allows remote attackers to crash the daemon with malformed BGP updates. With packet receive tracing enabled, rpd reads beyond a valid buffer boundary while processing a malformed BGP update and terminates. An established iBGP or eBGP session and packet receive trace options are required; the bounded consequence is an rpd crash and routing-service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21598
Published
Jan 9, 2025
Updated
Jan 9, 2025
Vendor
Juniper Networks
Product
Junos OS Evolved
Classifications
CWE-125, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 9, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=21.4R3-S7-EVO <21.4R3-S9-EVO
  2. Affected versionversion=22.2R3-S4-EVO <22.2R3-S5-EVO
  3. Affected versionversion=22.3R3-S2-EVO <22.3R3-S4-EVO
  4. Affected versionversion=22.4R3-EVO <22.4R3-S5-EVO
  5. Affected versionversion=23.2R2-EVO <23.2R2-S2-EVO
  6. Affected versionversion=23.4R1-EVO <23.4R2-S1-EVO
  7. Affected versionversion=24.2R1-EVO <24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Juniper Networks · Junos OS Evolvedversion=21.4R3-S7-EVO <21.4R3-S9-EVO; version=22.2R3-S4-EVO <22.2R3-S5-EVO; version=22.3R3-S2-EVO <22.3R3-S4-EVO; version=22.4R3-EVO <22.4R3-S5-EVO; version=23.2R2-EVO <23.2R2-S2-EVO; version=23.4R1-EVO <23.4R2-S1-EVO; version=24.2R1-EVO <24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO
Juniper Networks · Junos OSversion=21.2R3-S8 <21.2R3-S9; version=21.4R3-S7 <21.4R3-S9; version=22.2R3-S4 <22.2R3-S5; version=22.3R3-S2 <22.3R3-S4; version=22.4R3 <22.4R3-S5; version=23.2R2 <23.2R2-S2; version=23.4R1 <23.4R2-S1; version=24.2R1 <24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2

Published CVSS scores

8.2Juniper NetworksCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber
7.5Juniper NetworksCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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