CVE-2025-21593

Unauthenticated rpd crashes via malformed BGP updates

Published Jan 9, 2025 · Updated Jan 9, 2025

Resource-lifetime control failure in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows remote attackers to crash rpd via BGP. With SRv6 enabled, rpd mishandles a malformed iBGP or eBGP UPDATE packet and terminates, after which the daemon automatically restarts. The packet can arrive over IPv4 or IPv6 without authentication, and continued delivery repeatedly crashes rpd to sustain routing-service interruption.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability0.24%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Resource-lifetime control failure in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows remote attackers to crash rpd via BGP. With SRv6 enabled, rpd mishandles a malformed iBGP or eBGP UPDATE packet and terminates, after which the daemon automatically restarts. The packet can arrive over IPv4 or IPv6 without authentication, and continued delivery repeatedly crashes rpd to sustain routing-service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21593
Published
Jan 9, 2025
Updated
Jan 9, 2025
Vendor
Juniper Networks
Product
Junos OS Evolved
Classifications
CWE-664, T1499.004
Attack vector
adjacent
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 9, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 9, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <21.2R3-S9-EVO
  2. Affected versionversion=21.4-EVO <21.4R3-S10-EVO
  3. Affected versionversion=22.2-EVO <22.2R3-S5-EVO
  4. Affected versionversion=22.3-EVO <22.3R3-S4-EVO
  5. Affected versionversion=22.4-EVO <22.4R3-S3-EVO
  6. Affected versionversion=23.2-EVO <23.2R2-S2-EVO
  7. Affected versionversion=23.4-EVO <23.4R2-EVO

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectoradjacent
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Juniper Networks · Junos OS Evolvedversion=0 <21.2R3-S9-EVO; version=21.4-EVO <21.4R3-S10-EVO; version=22.2-EVO <22.2R3-S5-EVO; version=22.3-EVO <22.3R3-S4-EVO; version=22.4-EVO <22.4R3-S3-EVO; version=23.2-EVO <23.2R2-S2-EVO; version=23.4-EVO <23.4R2-EVO
Juniper Networks · Junos OSversion=0 <21.2R3-S9; version=21.4 <21.4R3-S10; version=22.2 <22.2R3-S5; version=22.3 <22.3R3-S4; version=22.4 <22.4R3-S3; version=23.2 <23.2R2-S2; version=23.4 <23.4R2

Published CVSS scores

6.5Juniper Networks, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.1Juniper Networks, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:A

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectoradjacent
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-664Improper Control of a Resource Through its Lifetime
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation Flood

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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