CVE-2025-21587Network attack vector

Unauthenticated read and modification of critical data

Published Apr 15, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

JSSE in affected Oracle Java SE and GraalVM releases allows remote attackers to read and modify critical data through multiple protocols. Oracle has not published the defective JSSE API path or the operation it performs incorrectly on attacker-controlled input. Exposure requires an application, such as a web service, to pass untrusted data into JSSE APIs, or a sandboxed Java client to load untrusted code.

CVSS severity7.4
High
EPSS probability0.82%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

JSSE in affected Oracle Java SE and GraalVM releases allows remote attackers to read and modify critical data through multiple protocols. Oracle has not published the defective JSSE API path or the operation it performs incorrectly on attacker-controlled input. Exposure requires an application, such as a web service, to pass untrusted data into JSSE APIs, or a sandboxed Java client to load untrusted code.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21587
Published
Apr 15, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
Oracle Corporation
Product
Oracle GraalVM for JDK
Classifications
T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 15, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=17.0.14
  2. Affected versionversion=21.0.6
  3. Affected versionversion=24

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Oracle Corporation · Oracle GraalVM for JDKversion=17.0.14; version=21.0.6; version=24
Oracle Corporation · Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Editionversion=20.3.17; version=21.3.13
Oracle Corporation · Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)version=11.0.26; version=17.0.14; version=21.0.6; version=24; version=8u441; version=8u441-perf

Published CVSS scores

7.4Oracle CorporationCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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