CVE-2025-21525Network attack vector

Database server denial of service via DDL requests

Published Jan 21, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Denial of service in MySQL Server 8.0.39 and earlier, 8.4.2 and earlier, and 9.0.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to crash it. Oracle identifies Server: DDL as the affected component and MySQL Protocol as the route, but has not disclosed the DDL operation or internal failure mechanism. Exploitation requires a high-privilege database account and can hang the process or cause repeatedly reproducible crashes, interrupting database availability.

CVSS severity4.9
Medium
EPSS probability1.03%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Denial of service in MySQL Server 8.0.39 and earlier, 8.4.2 and earlier, and 9.0.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to crash it. Oracle identifies Server: DDL as the affected component and MySQL Protocol as the route, but has not disclosed the DDL operation or internal failure mechanism. Exploitation requires a high-privilege database account and can hang the process or cause repeatedly reproducible crashes, interrupting database availability.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21525
Published
Jan 21, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
Oracle Corporation
Product
MySQL Server
Classifications
CWE-770, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=* <=8.0.39
  2. Affected versionversion=* <=8.4.2
  3. Affected versionversion=* <=9.0.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Oracle Corporation · MySQL Serverversion=* <=8.0.39; version=* <=8.4.2; version=* <=9.0.1

Published CVSS scores

4.9OracleCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo