CVE-2025-21502Network attack vector

Unauthorized data access via improper HotSpot API authorization

Published Jan 21, 2025 · Updated Feb 7, 2025

Incorrect authorization in Oracle Java SE HotSpot allows remote attackers to read or alter data through affected APIs. The HotSpot compiler mishandles array-related API access, allowing inputs reaching those APIs to bypass intended resource authorization. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled data to reach the APIs through an embedding service or sandboxed Java deployment and is limited to a subset of accessible data.

CVSS severity4.8
Medium
EPSS probability1.01%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Incorrect authorization in Oracle Java SE HotSpot allows remote attackers to read or alter data through affected APIs. The HotSpot compiler mishandles array-related API access, allowing inputs reaching those APIs to bypass intended resource authorization. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled data to reach the APIs through an embedding service or sandboxed Java deployment and is limited to a subset of accessible data.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21502
Published
Jan 21, 2025
Updated
Feb 7, 2025
Vendor
Oracle Corporation
Product
Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)
Classifications
CWE-863
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition:20.3.16
  2. Affected versionversion=Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition:21.3.12
  3. Affected versionversion=Oracle GraalVM for JDK:17.0.13
  4. Affected versionversion=Oracle GraalVM for JDK:21.0.5
  5. Affected versionversion=Oracle GraalVM for JDK:23.0.1
  6. Affected versionversion=Oracle Java SE:11.0.25
  7. Affected versionversion=Oracle Java SE:17.0.13
  8. Affected versionversion=Oracle Java SE:21.0.5
  9. Affected versionversion=Oracle Java SE:23.0.1
  10. Affected versionversion=Oracle Java SE:8u431-perf

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Oracle Corporation · Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)version=Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition:20.3.16; version=Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition:21.3.12; version=Oracle GraalVM for JDK:17.0.13; version=Oracle GraalVM for JDK:21.0.5; version=Oracle GraalVM for JDK:23.0.1; version=Oracle Java SE:11.0.25; version=Oracle Java SE:17.0.13; version=Oracle Java SE:21.0.5; version=Oracle Java SE:23.0.1; version=Oracle Java SE:8u431-perf

Published CVSS scores

4.8Oracle CorporationCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-863Incorrect Authorization

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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