CVE-2025-21172Network attack vector

Remote code execution via malformed debug information

Published Jan 14, 2025 · Updated Jun 9, 2026

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft .NET and Visual Studio allows remote attackers to execute code by opening a crafted file. The affected debug-information handling performs an undisclosed incorrect operation on crafted file data, causing a heap buffer overflow. Exploitation requires user interaction to load the file, and successful memory corruption executes code in the affected process.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability1.81%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft .NET and Visual Studio allows remote attackers to execute code by opening a crafted file. The affected debug-information handling performs an undisclosed incorrect operation on crafted file data, causing a heap buffer overflow. Exploitation requires user interaction to load the file, and successful memory corruption executes code in the affected process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-21172
Published
Jan 14, 2025
Updated
Jun 9, 2026
Vendor
Microsoft
Product
Microsoft Visual Studio 2019
Classifications
CWE-122, T1203, T1204.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 14, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 9, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=16.11.0 <16.11.43

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2019version=16.11.0 <16.11.43
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2015version=14.0.0 <14.0.24252.2
Microsoft · .NET 9.0version=9.0.0 <9.0.1
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 version 17.12version=17.12.0 <17.12.4
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2022version=17.10.0 <17.10.10; version=17.6.0 <17.6.22; version=17.8.0 <17.8.17
Microsoft · .NET 8.0version=8.0.0 <8.0.12
Microsoft · Microsoft Visual Studio 2017version=15.9.0 <15.9.69

Published CVSS scores

7.5GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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