CVE-2025-2040Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated command execution via BPMN expression evaluation

Published Mar 6, 2025 · Updated Mar 6, 2025

Server-side template injection in RuoYi-Vue Pro 2.4.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands through BPMN model deployment. The deploy path evaluates attacker-supplied Flowable expressions embedded in BPMN XML, allowing a JavaScript engine expression to invoke Runtime.exec. Exploitation requires a valid bearer token and permission to create, deploy, and trigger a workflow model; successful execution runs commands on the application host.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in RuoYi-Vue Pro 2.4.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute commands through BPMN model deployment. The deploy path evaluates attacker-supplied Flowable expressions embedded in BPMN XML, allowing a JavaScript engine expression to invoke Runtime.exec. Exploitation requires a valid bearer token and permission to create, deploy, and trigger a workflow model; successful execution runs commands on the application host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-2040
Published
Mar 6, 2025
Updated
Mar 6, 2025
Vendor
YunaiV
Product
RuoYi-Vue Pro
Classifications
CWE-1336, CWE-791, T1059.007
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 6, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 6, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

YunaiV · RuoYi-Vue Proversion=2.4.1

Published CVSS scores

6.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.3VulDBCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
CWE-791Incomplete Filtering of Special Elements
T1059.007Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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