CVE-2025-20258Network attack vector

Malicious email injection via insufficient input validation

Published May 21, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Command injection in the Cisco Duo self-service portal allows remote attackers to place malicious content in service-generated emails. The cloud portal accepts attacker-controlled commands in part of an outbound email without sufficient input validation and embeds them in messages sent by the service. No authentication is required, but a recipient must interact with the malicious email; the result is content delivery rather than server-side code execution.

CVSS severity5.4
Medium
EPSS probability0.29%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in the Cisco Duo self-service portal allows remote attackers to place malicious content in service-generated emails. The cloud portal accepts attacker-controlled commands in part of an outbound email without sufficient input validation and embeds them in messages sent by the service. No authentication is required, but a recipient must interact with the malicious email; the result is content delivery rather than server-side code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-20258
Published
May 21, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
ClamAV
Product
Cisco Duo
Classifications
CWE-77, T1566
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=N/A

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ClamAV · Cisco Duoversion=N/A

Published CVSS scores

5.4Cisco Systems, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:X/RL:X/RC:X

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1566Phishing

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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