CVE-2025-1946Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated remote code execution via unsanitized export id

Published Mar 4, 2025 · Updated Mar 4, 2025

Command injection in Hzmanyun Education and Training System 2.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute server commands via id. The exportPDF controller concatenates the id request parameter into a sudo wkhtmltopdf command string passed to Runtime.exec without validation or neutralization. A valid application session is required, and successful injection executes commands with the server process's effective privileges, enabling data access or modification and service interruption.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability5.15%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Hzmanyun Education and Training System 2.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute server commands via id. The exportPDF controller concatenates the id request parameter into a sudo wkhtmltopdf command string passed to Runtime.exec without validation or neutralization. A valid application session is required, and successful injection executes commands with the server process's effective privileges, enabling data access or modification and service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-1946
Published
Mar 4, 2025
Updated
Mar 4, 2025
Vendor
Hzmanyun
Product
Education and Training System
Classifications
CWE-74, CWE-77, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 4, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Hzmanyun · Education and Training Systemversion=2.1

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
6.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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