CVE-2025-15645

Permanent device bricking via unchecked reset handler

Published May 19, 2026 · Updated May 19, 2026

Improper input validation in Ledger Nano X, Flex, and Stax firmware allows physically proximate attackers to permanently brick devices. The MCU bootloader accepts the host-supplied reset_handler address without range, alignment, or signature checks before resuming execution after flashing. Exploitation requires physical access to the firmware-update path; an invalid or non-executable address leaves both external interfaces unresponsive and requires factory-level recovery.

CVSS severity5.1
Medium
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper input validation in Ledger Nano X, Flex, and Stax firmware allows physically proximate attackers to permanently brick devices. The MCU bootloader accepts the host-supplied reset_handler address without range, alignment, or signature checks before resuming execution after flashing. Exploitation requires physical access to the firmware-update path; an invalid or non-executable address leaves both external interfaces unresponsive and requires factory-level recovery.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-15645
Published
May 19, 2026
Updated
May 19, 2026
Vendor
Ledger
Product
Ledger Stax
Classifications
CWE-1284, T1495
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 19, 2026CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 19, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.6.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Ledger · Ledger Staxversion=0 <1.6.2
Ledger · Ledger Flexversion=0 <1.2.2
Ledger · Ledger Nano Xversion=0 <2.4.2

Published CVSS scores

5.1VulnCheckCVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.6VulnCheckCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1284Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input
T1495Firmware Corruption

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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