CVE-2025-1547Network attack vector

Authenticated code execution via certificate request overflow

Published Dec 4, 2025 · Updated Aug 10, 2026

Stack-based buffer overflow in WatchGuard Fireware OS allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code through crafted CLI commands. WatchGuard identifies the certificate request command as the locus but has not published the unsafe copy or bounds-checking failure. Exploitation requires privileged device-management credentials and network or console access to the CLI, and successful exploitation compromises the Firebox.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.35%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stack-based buffer overflow in WatchGuard Fireware OS allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code through crafted CLI commands. WatchGuard identifies the certificate request command as the locus but has not published the unsafe copy or bounds-checking failure. Exploitation requires privileged device-management credentials and network or console access to the CLI, and successful exploitation compromises the Firebox.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-1547
Published
Dec 4, 2025
Updated
Aug 10, 2026
Vendor
WatchGuard Technologies, Inc.
Product
Fireware OS
Classifications
CWE-121, CAPEC-242, T1210
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 4, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 10, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=12.0 <=12.11.3
  2. Affected versionversion=12.0 <12.5.13

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

WatchGuard Technologies, Inc. · Fireware OSversion=12.0 <=12.11.3; version=12.0 <12.5.13

Published CVSS scores

7.5WatchGuard Technologies, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.2NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-121Stack-based Buffer Overflow
CAPEC-242Code Injection
T1210Exploitation of Remote Services

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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