CVE-2025-15135Public exploitNetwork attack vector

User impersonation via trusted username cookie

Published Dec 28, 2025 · Updated Dec 28, 2025

Improper authentication in joey-zhou Xiaozhi ESP32 Server Java 3.0 allows remote attackers to impersonate users via a forged cookie. AuthenticationInterceptor.tryAuthenticateWithCookies treats the username cookie as proof of identity, loads the named account, and writes it into the session without verifying a credential or signature. The public queryUsers endpoint discloses usernames, including the default administrator name, so network access is sufficient to obtain the selected account's application privileges.

CVSS severity6.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.34%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper authentication in joey-zhou Xiaozhi ESP32 Server Java 3.0 allows remote attackers to impersonate users via a forged cookie. AuthenticationInterceptor.tryAuthenticateWithCookies treats the username cookie as proof of identity, loads the named account, and writes it into the session without verifying a credential or signature. The public queryUsers endpoint discloses usernames, including the default administrator name, so network access is sufficient to obtain the selected account's application privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-15135
Published
Dec 28, 2025
Updated
Dec 28, 2025
Vendor
joey-zhou
Product
Xiaozhi ESP32 Server Java
Classifications
CWE-287, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 28, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

joey-zhou · Xiaozhi ESP32 Server Javaversion=3.0

Published CVSS scores

2.1VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-287Improper Authentication
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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